据烃加工新闻12月10日消息称，根据美国能源信息署（EIA）截至8月的数据，以及EIA对9月至12月的预估，到2020年，美国能源行业的二氧化碳排放量将比2019年降低11%。根据EIA去年12月发布的《短期能源展望》(STEO)， EIA预计2020年煤炭、石油和天然气的二氧化碳排放量将分别下降19%、13%和2%。
今年，美国能源消费受到疫情应对措施的严重影响，包括在家工作和其他不出门的措施、关闭或限制若干类型企业的营业时间，以及旅行限制。今年4月，当美国许多地区采取措施减缓疫情传播时，美国的月度能源消耗降至30年来的最低水平，排放量也降至历史最低水平。
2020年，石油在美国与能源相关的二氧化碳排放中约占45%，其中大部分来自运输部门。运输部门的石油二氧化碳排放量在2020年4月降至1.02亿吨，是1983年2月以来的最低月度水平。
2020年，天然气在美国与能源相关的二氧化碳排放中约占36%，它在多个领域都有消费。电力部门消耗的天然气是所有部门中最多的，EIA估计，2020年，虽然电力消耗略有下降，但天然气发电的使用量有所增加。
今年煤炭的二氧化碳排放量将达到EIA自1973年开始的年度排放系列中最低的年水平(45.97亿吨，占总量的19%)。在美国消耗煤炭最多的电力行业，自2007年达到峰值以来，煤炭的市场份额已经被天然气和可再生能源所取代。
曹海斌 摘译自 烃加工新闻
原文如下：
EIA expects U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide emissions to fall 11% in 2020
In 2020, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the U.S. energy sector could be 11% lower than in 2019, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data through August and EIA estimates for September through December. According to values published in EIA’s December Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) , EIA expects CO2 emissions in 2020 to fall by 19% for coal, by 13% for petroleum, and by 2% for natural gas.
This year, U.S. energy consumption was heavily affected by responses to COVID-19, including working from home and other stay-at-home measures, closed or limited operating hours for several types of businesses, and travel restrictions. In April, when many parts of the country instituted measures to slow the spread of COVID-19, monthly U.S. energy consumption fell to a 30-year low and emissions fell to a record low.
Petroleum accounted for an estimated 45% of U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions in 2020, and most of those emissions were from the transportation sector. CO2 emissions from petroleum in the transportation sector fell to 102 million metric tons in April 2020, the lowest monthly level since February 1983.
Natural gas, which accounted for an estimated 36% of U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions in 2020, is consumed in several sectors. The electric power sector consumes the most natural gas of any sector, and EIA estimates that in 2020, although electricity consumption declined slightly, the use of natural gas to generate electricity increased.
Coal CO2 emissions this year could reach the lowest annual level (4,597 million metric tons, or 19% of the total) in EIA’s annual emissions series that dates back to 1973. In the electric power sector, where most coal is consumed in the United States, coal has lost market share to natural gas and renewables since peaking in 2007.